International Business Machines
NYSE: IBM · TECHNOLOGY · INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES
Updated 2026-06-12
International Business Machines (IBM) Financial statements
SEC filings — annual and quarterly data.
Income statement — annual
| Item | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $91.42B | $98.79B | $103.63B | $95.76B | $99.87B | $106.92B | $102.87B | $98.37B | $92.79B | $81.74B | $79.92B | $79.14B | $79.59B | $57.71B | $73.62B | $57.35B | $60.53B | $61.86B | $62.75B | $67.53B |
| Revenue growth (YoY) | — | +8.1% | +4.9% | -7.6% | +4.3% | +7.1% | -3.8% | -4.4% | -5.7% | -11.9% | -2.2% | -1.0% | +0.6% | -27.5% | +27.6% | -22.1% | +5.5% | +2.2% | +1.4% | +7.6% |
| Cost of revenue | $53.13B | $57.06B | $57.97B | $51.97B | $53.86B | $56.78B | $52.51B | $49.68B | $46.39B | $41.06B | $41.40B | $42.20B | $42.66B | $26.18B | $38.05B | $25.86B | $27.84B | $27.56B | $27.20B | $27.35B |
| Gross profit | $38.30B | $41.73B | $45.66B | $43.78B | $46.01B | $50.14B | $50.36B | $48.68B | $46.41B | $40.68B | $38.52B | $36.94B | $36.94B | $31.53B | $35.58B | $31.49B | $32.69B | $34.30B | $35.55B | $40.19B |
| Gross margin | 41.9% | 42.2% | 44.1% | 45.7% | 46.1% | 46.9% | 49.0% | 49.5% | 50.0% | 49.8% | 48.2% | 46.7% | 46.4% | 54.6% | 48.3% | 54.9% | 54.0% | 55.4% | 56.7% | 59.5% |
| R&D | $6.11B | $6.15B | $6.34B | $5.82B | $6.03B | $6.26B | $5.82B | $5.74B | $5.44B | $5.25B | $5.73B | $5.59B | $5.38B | $5.91B | $6.33B | $6.49B | $6.57B | $6.63B | $7.48B | $8.32B |
| SG&A | $20.26B | $22.06B | $21.51B | $19.27B | $20.21B | $21.84B | $21.75B | $21.63B | $21.16B | $18.60B | $18.95B | $17.91B | $17.90B | $17.21B | $20.31B | $17.70B | $16.10B | $17.95B | $16.74B | $18.29B |
| Operating income | $11.93B | $13.52B | $15.94B | $17.01B | $19.98B | $21.92B | $22.99B | $21.50B | $20.34B | $16.51B | $14.68B | $13.14B | $13.22B | $7.54B | $6.89B | $6.83B | $8.17B | $7.51B | $10.07B | $10.32B |
| Operating margin | 13.0% | 13.7% | 15.4% | 17.8% | 20.0% | 20.5% | 22.3% | 21.9% | 21.9% | 20.2% | 18.4% | 16.6% | 16.6% | 13.1% | 9.4% | 11.9% | 13.5% | 12.1% | 16.1% | 15.3% |
| EBITDA | $18.58B | $20.30B | $22.84B | $23.53B | $24.92B | $26.23B | $27.68B | $25.32B | $24.96B | $20.27B | $17.34B | $16.56B | $16.55B | $14.61B | $12.71B | $13.44B | $7.17B | $7.51B | $12.18B | $17.28B |
| EBITDA margin | 20.3% | 20.6% | 22.0% | 24.6% | 25.0% | 24.5% | 26.9% | 25.7% | 26.9% | 24.8% | 21.7% | 20.9% | 20.8% | 25.3% | 17.3% | 23.4% | 11.9% | 12.1% | 19.4% | 25.6% |
| EBIT | $13.60B | $15.10B | $17.39B | $18.54B | $20.09B | $21.41B | $23.00B | $20.65B | $20.47B | $16.41B | $12.96B | $12.02B | $12.06B | $8.55B | $6.01B | $7.02B | $2.37B | $7.51B | $7.51B | $12.26B |
| Interest expense | $278.00M | $611.00M | $673.00M | $402.00M | $368.00M | $411.00M | $459.00M | $402.00M | $484.00M | $468.00M | $630.00M | $663.00M | $686.00M | $1.02B | $1.29B | $1.16B | $1.22B | $1.61B | $1.71B | $1.94B |
| Income tax | $3.90B | $4.07B | $4.38B | $4.71B | $4.89B | $5.15B | $5.54B | $3.36B | $4.23B | $2.58B | $449.00M | $5.64B | $2.62B | $60.00M | $-864.00M | $124.00M | $-626.00M | $1.18B | $-218.00M | $-242.00M |
| Effective tax rate | 29.1% | 28.1% | 26.2% | 26.0% | 24.8% | 24.5% | 25.0% | 16.9% | 26.0% | 16.4% | 3.6% | 49.5% | 23.1% | 0.6% | -18.3% | 2.1% | -61.7% | 13.6% | -3.8% | -2.3% |
| Net income | $9.49B | $10.42B | $12.33B | $13.43B | $14.83B | $15.86B | $16.60B | $16.48B | $12.02B | $13.19B | $11.87B | $5.75B | $8.73B | $9.43B | $5.59B | $5.74B | $1.64B | $7.50B | $6.02B | $10.59B |
| Net income growth (YoY) | — | +9.8% | +18.4% | +8.8% | +10.5% | +6.9% | +4.7% | -0.7% | -27.1% | +9.7% | -10.0% | -51.5% | +51.7% | +8.1% | -40.7% | +2.7% | -71.4% | +357.4% | -19.7% | +75.9% |
| Profit margin | 10.4% | 10.5% | 11.9% | 14.0% | 14.9% | 14.8% | 16.1% | 16.8% | 13.0% | 16.1% | 14.9% | 7.3% | 11.0% | 16.3% | 7.6% | 10.0% | 2.7% | 12.1% | 9.6% | 15.7% |
Frequently asked questions
What is International Business Machines's revenue?
International Business Machines's trailing twelve-month revenue is $68.91B, and consensus projects about $87.50B by 2030. Revenue is the top line the whole model builds on, and at this scale the question shifts from how fast it grows to whether margins hold as it compounds.
How profitable is IBM?
In its most recent fiscal year, IBM ran a gross margin of 59.50%, an operating margin of 15.29%, and a net margin of 15.69%. Margins this high mean most of each extra dollar of revenue drops through to profit, which is the signature of real pricing power.
How much free cash flow does IBM generate?
IBM produced $11.57B in free cash flow in its most recent fiscal year. Free cash flow is what is left after running and reinvesting in the business, and it is the cash that actually funds buybacks, dividends, and a stronger balance sheet.
Is IBM's balance sheet healthy?
IBM holds $13.64B in cash and equivalents against $54.84B in long-term debt, on $32.65B of shareholder equity. That debt is best read against the cash flow the business throws off each year.