WallStSmart

Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC)vsVisa Inc. Class A (V)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Visa Inc. Class A generates 240% more annual revenue ($41.39B vs $12.18B). V leads profitability with a 50.2% profit margin vs 23.6%. V appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 1.65. V earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 68/100 (B-).

NSC

Buy

53

out of 100

Grade: C-

Growth: 2.0Profit: 8.0Value: 4.7Quality: 4.5
Piotroski: 4/9

V

Strong Buy

68

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 7.3Profit: 10.0Value: 9.3Quality: 6.5
Piotroski: 4/9Altman Z: 1.84
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

NSCSignificantly Overvalued (-265.7%)

Margin of Safety

-265.7%

Fair Value

$86.77

Current Price

$282.61

$195.84 premium

UndervaluedFair: $86.77Overvalued
VUndervalued (+17.4%)

Margin of Safety

+17.4%

Fair Value

$369.26

Current Price

$304.91

$64.35 discount

UndervaluedFair: $369.26Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

NSC3 strengths · Avg: 9.3/10
Operating MarginProfitability
31.2%10/10

Strong operational efficiency at 31.2%

Market CapQuality
$63.70B9/10

Large-cap with strong market position

Profit MarginProfitability
23.6%9/10

Keeps 24 of every $100 in revenue as profit

V5 strengths · Avg: 9.6/10
Market CapQuality
$585.66B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
53.9%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 54 in profit

Profit MarginProfitability
50.2%10/10

Keeps 50 of every $100 in revenue as profit

Operating MarginProfitability
68.3%10/10

Strong operational efficiency at 68.3%

Free Cash FlowQuality
$6.40B8/10

Generating 6.4B in free cash flow

Areas to Watch

NSC4 concerns · Avg: 2.0/10
PEG RatioValuation
3.852/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

Revenue GrowthGrowth
-1.7%2/10

Revenue declined 1.7%

EPS GrowthGrowth
-11.4%2/10

Earnings declined 11.4%

Free Cash FlowQuality
$-412.00M2/10

Negative free cash flow — burning cash

V4 concerns · Avg: 4.0/10
PEG RatioValuation
1.654/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
28.5x4/10

Moderate valuation

Price/BookValuation
15.2x4/10

Trading at 15.2x book value

Altman Z-ScoreHealth
1.844/10

Grey zone — moderate risk

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : NSC

The strongest argument for NSC centers on Operating Margin, Market Cap, Profit Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 23.6% and operating margin at 31.2%.

Bull Case : V

The strongest argument for V centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Profit Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 50.2% and operating margin at 68.3%. Revenue growth of 14.6% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bear Case : NSC

The primary concerns for NSC are PEG Ratio, Revenue Growth, EPS Growth.

Bear Case : V

The primary concerns for V are PEG Ratio, P/E Ratio, Price/Book.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

NSC profiles as a declining stock while V is a mature play — different risk/reward profiles.

NSC carries more volatility with a beta of 1.30 — expect wider price swings.

V is growing revenue faster at 14.6% — sustainability is the question.

V generates stronger free cash flow (6.4B), providing more financial flexibility.

Bottom Line

V scores higher overall (68/100 vs 53/100), backed by strong 50.2% margins and 14.6% revenue growth. Both earn "Strong Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Norfolk Southern Corporation

INDUSTRIALS · RAILROADS · USA

The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I freight railroad in the United States, and is the current name of the former Southern Railway. With headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, the company operates 19,420 route miles (31,250 km) in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia, and has rights in Canada over the Albany to Montreal route of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and previously on CN from Buffalo to St. Thomas.

Visa Inc. Class A

FINANCIAL SERVICES · CREDIT SERVICES · USA

Visa Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Foster City, California, United States. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.

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