WallStSmart

Caterpillar Inc (CAT)vsCopa Holdings SA (CPA)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Caterpillar Inc generates 1776% more annual revenue ($70.75B vs $3.77B). CPA leads profitability with a 18.8% profit margin vs 13.3%. CPA appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 0.95. CPA earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 80/100 (A-).

CAT

Strong Buy

67

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 7.3Profit: 8.0Value: 4.3Quality: 4.5
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.40

CPA

Exceptional Buy

80

out of 100

Grade: A-

Growth: 7.3Profit: 8.0Value: 7.3Quality: 5.5
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.09
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

Intrinsic value data unavailable for CAT.

CPAOvervalued (-6.4%)

Margin of Safety

-6.4%

Fair Value

$141.52

Current Price

$133.59

$7.93 premium

UndervaluedFair: $141.52Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

CAT5 strengths · Avg: 8.8/10
Market CapQuality
$419.05B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
50.5%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 50 in profit

Revenue GrowthGrowth
22.2%8/10

Revenue surging 22.2% year-over-year

EPS GrowthGrowth
30.2%8/10

Earnings expanding 30.2% YoY

Free Cash FlowQuality
$1.55B8/10

Generating 1.5B in free cash flow

CPA6 strengths · Avg: 8.5/10
P/E RatioValuation
8.3x10/10

Attractively priced relative to earnings

Return on EquityProfitability
24.6%9/10

Every $100 of equity generates 25 in profit

PEG RatioValuation
0.958/10

Growing faster than its price suggests

Price/BookValuation
1.9x8/10

Reasonable price relative to book value

Operating MarginProfitability
24.6%8/10

Strong operational efficiency at 24.6%

Revenue GrowthGrowth
17.0%8/10

17.0% revenue growth

Areas to Watch

CAT4 concerns · Avg: 2.8/10
PEG RatioValuation
2.064/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

P/E RatioValuation
45.2x2/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Price/BookValuation
22.3x2/10

Trading at 22.3x book value

CPA2 concerns · Avg: 2.5/10
Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

Free Cash FlowQuality
$-54.36M2/10

Negative free cash flow — burning cash

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : CAT

The strongest argument for CAT centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Revenue Growth. Revenue growth of 22.2% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : CPA

The strongest argument for CPA centers on P/E Ratio, Return on Equity, PEG Ratio. Profitability is solid with margins at 18.8% and operating margin at 24.6%. Revenue growth of 17.0% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bear Case : CAT

The primary concerns for CAT are PEG Ratio, Piotroski F-Score, P/E Ratio. A P/E of 45.2x leaves little room for execution misses. Debt-to-equity of 2.31 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : CPA

The primary concerns for CPA are Piotroski F-Score, Free Cash Flow.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

CAT carries more volatility with a beta of 1.63 — expect wider price swings.

CAT is growing revenue faster at 22.2% — sustainability is the question.

CAT generates stronger free cash flow (1.5B), providing more financial flexibility.

Monitor FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY industry trends, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes.

Bottom Line

CPA scores higher overall (80/100 vs 67/100), backed by strong 18.8% margins and 17.0% revenue growth. Both earn "Exceptional Buy" and "Strong Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Caterpillar Inc

INDUSTRIALS · FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY · USA

Caterpillar Inc. (often shortened to CAT) is an American Fortune 100 corporation that designs, develops, engineers, manufactures, markets, and sells machinery, engines, financial products, and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network.

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Copa Holdings SA

INDUSTRIALS · AIRLINES · USA

Copa Holdings, SA, provides airline passenger and cargo services. The company is headquartered in Panama City, Panama.

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