WallStSmart

Salesforce.com Inc (CRM)vsAurora Mobile Ltd (JG)

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Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Salesforce.com Inc generates 10978% more annual revenue ($41.52B vs $374.85M). CRM leads profitability with a 18.0% profit margin vs 0.1%. CRM earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 63/100 (C+).

CRM

Buy

63

out of 100

Grade: C+

Growth: 6.7Profit: 7.0Value: 10.0Quality: 6.0
Piotroski: 5/9Altman Z: 1.83

JG

Avoid

33

out of 100

Grade: F

Growth: 4.7Profit: 4.0Value: 5.0Quality: 5.5
Piotroski: 6/9Altman Z: -2.77
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

CRMUndervalued (+34.2%)

Margin of Safety

+34.2%

Fair Value

$276.43

Current Price

$181.96

$94.47 discount

UndervaluedFair: $276.43Overvalued

Intrinsic value data unavailable for JG.

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

CRM4 strengths · Avg: 8.5/10
Market CapQuality
$171.49B9/10

Large-cap with strong market position

Debt/EquityHealth
0.199/10

Conservative balance sheet, low leverage

Price/BookValuation
2.9x8/10

Reasonable price relative to book value

Free Cash FlowQuality
$5.32B8/10

Generating 5.3B in free cash flow

JG1 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Debt/EquityHealth
0.259/10

Conservative balance sheet, low leverage

Areas to Watch

CRM1 concerns · Avg: 4.0/10
Altman Z-ScoreHealth
1.834/10

Grey zone — moderate risk

JG4 concerns · Avg: 3.3/10
EPS GrowthGrowth
0.0%4/10

0.0% earnings growth

Market CapQuality
$46.70M3/10

Smaller company, higher risk/reward

Return on EquityProfitability
2.6%3/10

ROE of 2.6% — below average capital efficiency

Profit MarginProfitability
0.1%3/10

0.1% margin — thin

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : CRM

The strongest argument for CRM centers on Market Cap, Debt/Equity, Price/Book. Profitability is solid with margins at 18.0% and operating margin at 19.2%. Revenue growth of 12.1% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : JG

The strongest argument for JG centers on Debt/Equity. Revenue growth of 12.9% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bear Case : CRM

The primary concerns for CRM are Altman Z-Score.

Bear Case : JG

The primary concerns for JG are EPS Growth, Market Cap, Return on Equity. Thin 0.1% margins leave little buffer for downturns.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

CRM profiles as a mature stock while JG is a value play — different risk/reward profiles.

CRM carries more volatility with a beta of 1.31 — expect wider price swings.

JG is growing revenue faster at 12.9% — sustainability is the question.

Monitor SOFTWARE - APPLICATION industry trends, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes.

Bottom Line

CRM scores higher overall (63/100 vs 33/100), backed by strong 18.0% margins and 12.1% revenue growth. Both earn "Buy" and "Avoid" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Salesforce.com Inc

TECHNOLOGY · SOFTWARE - APPLICATION · USA

Salesforce.com, Inc. is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides customer relationship management (CRM) service and also provides a complementary suite of enterprise applications focused on customer service, marketing automation, analytics, and application development.

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Aurora Mobile Ltd

TECHNOLOGY · SOFTWARE - APPLICATION · China

Aurora Mobile Limited, is a mobile development service provider in China. The company is headquartered in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China.

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