WallStSmart

Linde plc Ordinary Shares (LIN)vsVisa Inc. Class A (V)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Visa Inc. Class A generates 22% more annual revenue ($41.39B vs $33.99B). V leads profitability with a 50.2% profit margin vs 20.3%. V appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 1.65. V earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 68/100 (B-).

LIN

Buy

56

out of 100

Grade: C

Growth: 6.0Profit: 8.0Value: 7.3Quality: 5.0
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 1.49

V

Strong Buy

68

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 7.3Profit: 10.0Value: 9.3Quality: 6.5
Piotroski: 4/9Altman Z: 1.84
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

LINSignificantly Overvalued (-396.3%)

Margin of Safety

-396.3%

Fair Value

$99.21

Current Price

$492.34

$393.13 premium

UndervaluedFair: $99.21Overvalued
VUndervalued (+17.4%)

Margin of Safety

+17.4%

Fair Value

$369.26

Current Price

$304.91

$64.35 discount

UndervaluedFair: $369.26Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

LIN4 strengths · Avg: 8.8/10
Market CapQuality
$222.36B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Profit MarginProfitability
20.3%9/10

Keeps 20 of every $100 in revenue as profit

Operating MarginProfitability
28.2%8/10

Strong operational efficiency at 28.2%

Free Cash FlowQuality
$1.57B8/10

Generating 1.6B in free cash flow

V5 strengths · Avg: 9.6/10
Market CapQuality
$585.66B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
53.9%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 54 in profit

Profit MarginProfitability
50.2%10/10

Keeps 50 of every $100 in revenue as profit

Operating MarginProfitability
68.3%10/10

Strong operational efficiency at 68.3%

Free Cash FlowQuality
$6.40B8/10

Generating 6.4B in free cash flow

Areas to Watch

LIN4 concerns · Avg: 3.3/10
PEG RatioValuation
2.294/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
32.9x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

EPS GrowthGrowth
-9.4%2/10

Earnings declined 9.4%

V4 concerns · Avg: 4.0/10
PEG RatioValuation
1.654/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
28.5x4/10

Moderate valuation

Price/BookValuation
15.2x4/10

Trading at 15.2x book value

Altman Z-ScoreHealth
1.844/10

Grey zone — moderate risk

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : LIN

The strongest argument for LIN centers on Market Cap, Profit Margin, Operating Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 20.3% and operating margin at 28.2%.

Bull Case : V

The strongest argument for V centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Profit Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 50.2% and operating margin at 68.3%. Revenue growth of 14.6% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bear Case : LIN

The primary concerns for LIN are PEG Ratio, P/E Ratio, Piotroski F-Score.

Bear Case : V

The primary concerns for V are PEG Ratio, P/E Ratio, Price/Book.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

LIN carries more volatility with a beta of 0.80 — expect wider price swings.

V is growing revenue faster at 14.6% — sustainability is the question.

V generates stronger free cash flow (6.4B), providing more financial flexibility.

Monitor SPECIALTY CHEMICALS industry trends, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes.

Bottom Line

V scores higher overall (68/100 vs 56/100), backed by strong 50.2% margins and 14.6% revenue growth. Both earn "Strong Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Linde plc Ordinary Shares

BASIC MATERIALS · SPECIALTY CHEMICALS · USA

Linde plc is a multinational chemical company. It is the largest industrial gas company by market share and revenue. It serves customers in the healthcare, petroleum refining, manufacturing, food, beverage carbonation, fiber-optics, steel making, aerospace, chemicals, electronics and water treatment industries. The company's primary business is the manufacturing and distribution of atmospheric gases, including oxygen, nitrogen, argon, rare gases, and process gases, including carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, electronic gases, specialty gases, and acetylene.

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Visa Inc. Class A

FINANCIAL SERVICES · CREDIT SERVICES · USA

Visa Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Foster City, California, United States. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.

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