WallStSmart

Levi Strauss & Co Class A (LEVI)vsSea Ltd (SE)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Sea Ltd generates 288% more annual revenue ($25.19B vs $6.50B). LEVI leads profitability with a 9.5% profit margin vs 6.4%. LEVI trades at a lower P/E of 17.6x. LEVI earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 62/100 (C+).

LEVI

Buy

62

out of 100

Grade: C+

Growth: 6.7Profit: 7.0Value: 7.0Quality: 7.0
Piotroski: 5/9Altman Z: 2.13

SE

Buy

58

out of 100

Grade: C

Growth: 8.0Profit: 5.5Value: 6.7Quality: 7.3
Piotroski: 6/9
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

LEVIUndervalued (+26.2%)

Margin of Safety

+26.2%

Fair Value

$29.88

Current Price

$22.53

$7.35 discount

UndervaluedFair: $29.88Overvalued
SEUndervalued (+53.1%)

Margin of Safety

+53.1%

Fair Value

$243.96

Current Price

$86.56

$157.40 discount

UndervaluedFair: $243.96Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

LEVI3 strengths · Avg: 8.3/10
Return on EquityProfitability
28.1%9/10

Every $100 of equity generates 28 in profit

P/E RatioValuation
17.6x8/10

Attractively priced relative to earnings

EPS GrowthGrowth
32.6%8/10

Earnings expanding 32.6% YoY

SE3 strengths · Avg: 9.3/10
Revenue GrowthGrowth
46.6%10/10

Revenue surging 46.6% year-over-year

Market CapQuality
$57.05B9/10

Large-cap with strong market position

Debt/EquityHealth
0.289/10

Conservative balance sheet, low leverage

Areas to Watch

LEVI0 concerns · Avg: 0/10

No major concerns identified

SE4 concerns · Avg: 3.3/10
P/E RatioValuation
36.7x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

EPS GrowthGrowth
3.1%4/10

3.1% earnings growth

Profit MarginProfitability
6.4%3/10

6.4% margin — thin

Free Cash FlowQuality
$02/10

Negative free cash flow — burning cash

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : LEVI

The strongest argument for LEVI centers on Return on Equity, P/E Ratio, EPS Growth. Revenue growth of 14.1% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : SE

The strongest argument for SE centers on Revenue Growth, Market Cap, Debt/Equity. Revenue growth of 46.6% demonstrates continued momentum. PEG of 1.36 suggests the stock is reasonably priced for its growth.

Bear Case : LEVI

No major red flags identified for LEVI, but monitor valuation.

Bear Case : SE

The primary concerns for SE are P/E Ratio, EPS Growth, Profit Margin.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

LEVI profiles as a value stock while SE is a hypergrowth play — different risk/reward profiles.

SE carries more volatility with a beta of 1.57 — expect wider price swings.

SE is growing revenue faster at 46.6% — sustainability is the question.

Monitor APPAREL MANUFACTURING industry trends, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes.

Bottom Line

LEVI scores higher overall (62/100 vs 58/100) and 14.1% revenue growth. SE offers better value entry with a 53.1% margin of safety. Both earn "Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Levi Strauss & Co Class A

CONSUMER CYCLICAL · APPAREL MANUFACTURING · USA

Levi Strauss & Co. is a clothing company. The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Sea Ltd

CONSUMER CYCLICAL · INTERNET RETAIL · USA

Sea Limited is engaged in the digital entertainment, e-commerce and digital financial services businesses in Southeast Asia, Latin America, the rest of Asia and internationally. The company is headquartered in Singapore.

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