WallStSmart

Caterpillar Inc (CAT)vsOracle Corporation (ORCL)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Caterpillar Inc generates 10% more annual revenue ($70.75B vs $64.08B). ORCL leads profitability with a 25.3% profit margin vs 13.3%. ORCL appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 1.14. ORCL earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 71/100 (B).

CAT

Strong Buy

67

out of 100

Grade: B-

Growth: 7.3Profit: 8.0Value: 4.3Quality: 4.5
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.40

ORCL

Strong Buy

71

out of 100

Grade: B

Growth: 8.0Profit: 9.0Value: 4.0Quality: 2.5
Piotroski: 2/9Altman Z: 0.59
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

Intrinsic value data unavailable for CAT.

ORCLSignificantly Overvalued (-71.0%)

Margin of Safety

-71.0%

Fair Value

$113.80

Current Price

$195.95

$82.15 premium

UndervaluedFair: $113.80Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

CAT5 strengths · Avg: 8.8/10
Market CapQuality
$412.55B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
51.3%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 51 in profit

Revenue GrowthGrowth
22.2%8/10

Revenue surging 22.2% year-over-year

EPS GrowthGrowth
30.2%8/10

Earnings expanding 30.2% YoY

Free Cash FlowQuality
$1.55B8/10

Generating 1.5B in free cash flow

ORCL6 strengths · Avg: 9.2/10
Market CapQuality
$559.65B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
57.6%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 58 in profit

Operating MarginProfitability
32.7%10/10

Strong operational efficiency at 32.7%

Profit MarginProfitability
25.3%9/10

Keeps 25 of every $100 in revenue as profit

Revenue GrowthGrowth
21.7%8/10

Revenue surging 21.7% year-over-year

EPS GrowthGrowth
24.5%8/10

Earnings expanding 24.5% YoY

Areas to Watch

CAT4 concerns · Avg: 2.8/10
PEG RatioValuation
2.224/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

P/E RatioValuation
44.6x2/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Price/BookValuation
22.3x2/10

Trading at 22.3x book value

ORCL4 concerns · Avg: 3.3/10
P/E RatioValuation
34.9x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Price/BookValuation
16.8x4/10

Trading at 16.8x book value

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
2/93/10

Weak financial health signals

Free Cash FlowQuality
$-11.48B2/10

Negative free cash flow — burning cash

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : CAT

The strongest argument for CAT centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Revenue Growth. Revenue growth of 22.2% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : ORCL

The strongest argument for ORCL centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Operating Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 25.3% and operating margin at 32.7%. Revenue growth of 21.7% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bear Case : CAT

The primary concerns for CAT are PEG Ratio, Piotroski F-Score, P/E Ratio. A P/E of 44.6x leaves little room for execution misses. Debt-to-equity of 2.03 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : ORCL

The primary concerns for ORCL are P/E Ratio, Price/Book, Piotroski F-Score. Debt-to-equity of 4.15 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

CAT carries more volatility with a beta of 1.63 — expect wider price swings.

CAT is growing revenue faster at 22.2% — sustainability is the question.

CAT generates stronger free cash flow (1.5B), providing more financial flexibility.

Monitor FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY industry trends, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes.

Bottom Line

ORCL scores higher overall (71/100 vs 67/100), backed by strong 25.3% margins and 21.7% revenue growth. Both earn "Strong Buy" and "Strong Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Caterpillar Inc

INDUSTRIALS · FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY · USA

Caterpillar Inc. (often shortened to CAT) is an American Fortune 100 corporation that designs, develops, engineers, manufactures, markets, and sells machinery, engines, financial products, and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network.

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Oracle Corporation

TECHNOLOGY · SOFTWARE - INFRASTRUCTURE · USA

Oracle is an American multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Austin, Texas. The company was formerly headquartered in Redwood Shores, California until December 2020 when it moved its headquarters to Texas. The company sells database software and technology, cloud engineered systems, and enterprise software products, particularly its own brands of database management systems.

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