WallStSmart

Caterpillar Inc (CAT)vsEli Lilly and Company (LLY)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Caterpillar Inc generates 4% more annual revenue ($67.59B vs $65.18B). LLY leads profitability with a 31.7% profit margin vs 13.1%. LLY appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 0.97. LLY earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 80/100 (A-).

CAT

Buy

57

out of 100

Grade: C

Growth: 4.7Profit: 7.5Value: 7.3Quality: 4.5
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.40

LLY

Exceptional Buy

80

out of 100

Grade: A-

Growth: 10.0Profit: 10.0Value: 8.7Quality: 8.0
Piotroski: 6/9Altman Z: 2.06
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

CATSignificantly Overvalued (-463.1%)

Margin of Safety

-463.1%

Fair Value

$127.70

Current Price

$719.04

$591.34 premium

UndervaluedFair: $127.70Overvalued
LLYUndervalued (+14.0%)

Margin of Safety

+14.0%

Fair Value

$1065.17

Current Price

$916.31

$148.86 discount

UndervaluedFair: $1065.17Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

CAT4 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Market CapQuality
$335.37B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
43.5%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 44 in profit

Revenue GrowthGrowth
18.0%8/10

18.0% revenue growth

Free Cash FlowQuality
$2.25B8/10

Generating 2.2B in free cash flow

LLY6 strengths · Avg: 10.0/10
Market CapQuality
$808.22B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
101.2%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 101 in profit

Profit MarginProfitability
31.7%10/10

Keeps 32 of every $100 in revenue as profit

Operating MarginProfitability
44.9%10/10

Strong operational efficiency at 44.9%

Revenue GrowthGrowth
42.6%10/10

Revenue surging 42.6% year-over-year

EPS GrowthGrowth
51.4%10/10

Earnings expanding 51.4% YoY

Areas to Watch

CAT4 concerns · Avg: 3.8/10
PEG RatioValuation
1.864/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
38.2x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Price/BookValuation
15.7x4/10

Trading at 15.7x book value

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

LLY3 concerns · Avg: 3.0/10
P/E RatioValuation
39.7x4/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Debt/EquityHealth
1.603/10

Elevated debt levels

Price/BookValuation
30.9x2/10

Trading at 30.9x book value

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : CAT

The strongest argument for CAT centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Revenue Growth. Revenue growth of 18.0% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : LLY

The strongest argument for LLY centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Profit Margin. Profitability is solid with margins at 31.7% and operating margin at 44.9%. Revenue growth of 42.6% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bear Case : CAT

The primary concerns for CAT are PEG Ratio, P/E Ratio, Price/Book. Debt-to-equity of 2.03 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : LLY

The primary concerns for LLY are P/E Ratio, Debt/Equity, Price/Book. Debt-to-equity of 1.60 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

CAT carries more volatility with a beta of 1.53 — expect wider price swings.

LLY is growing revenue faster at 42.6% — sustainability is the question.

CAT generates stronger free cash flow (2.2B), providing more financial flexibility.

Monitor FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY industry trends, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes.

Bottom Line

LLY scores higher overall (80/100 vs 57/100), backed by strong 31.7% margins and 42.6% revenue growth. Both earn "Exceptional Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Caterpillar Inc

INDUSTRIALS · FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY · USA

Caterpillar Inc. (often shortened to CAT) is an American Fortune 100 corporation that designs, develops, engineers, manufactures, markets, and sells machinery, engines, financial products, and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network.

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Eli Lilly and Company

HEALTHCARE · DRUG MANUFACTURERS - GENERAL · USA

Eli Lilly and Company is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, with offices in 18 countries. Its products are sold in approximately 125 countries.

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