WallStSmart

Caterpillar Inc (CAT)vsGraham Corporation (GHM)

VS

Smart Verdict

WallStSmart Research — data-driven comparison

Caterpillar Inc generates 28351% more annual revenue ($67.59B vs $237.56M). CAT leads profitability with a 13.1% profit margin vs 6.3%. CAT appears more attractively valued with a PEG of 2.17. CAT earns a higher WallStSmart Score of 55/100 (C-).

CAT

Buy

55

out of 100

Grade: C-

Growth: 4.7Profit: 7.5Value: 4.3Quality: 4.5
Piotroski: 3/9Altman Z: 2.40

GHM

Buy

52

out of 100

Grade: C-

Growth: 8.7Profit: 5.5Value: 2.0Quality: 5.0
IV

Intrinsic Value Comparison

Multi-model valuation · Graham Formula

Intrinsic value data unavailable for CAT.

GHMSignificantly Overvalued (-39.9%)

Margin of Safety

-39.9%

Fair Value

$63.09

Current Price

$95.34

$32.25 premium

UndervaluedFair: $63.09Overvalued

Key Strengths & Concerns

Side-by-side fundamental analysis

Key Strengths

CAT4 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
Market CapQuality
$414.16B10/10

Mega-cap, among the largest globally

Return on EquityProfitability
43.5%10/10

Every $100 of equity generates 44 in profit

Revenue GrowthGrowth
18.0%8/10

18.0% revenue growth

Free Cash FlowQuality
$2.25B8/10

Generating 2.2B in free cash flow

GHM2 strengths · Avg: 9.0/10
EPS GrowthGrowth
78.6%10/10

Earnings expanding 78.6% YoY

Revenue GrowthGrowth
20.5%8/10

Revenue surging 20.5% year-over-year

Areas to Watch

CAT4 concerns · Avg: 3.3/10
PEG RatioValuation
2.174/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

Price/BookValuation
19.4x4/10

Trading at 19.4x book value

Piotroski F-ScoreQuality
3/93/10

Weak financial health signals

P/E RatioValuation
44.2x2/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

GHM4 concerns · Avg: 2.5/10
Market CapQuality
$1.05B3/10

Smaller company, higher risk/reward

Profit MarginProfitability
6.3%3/10

6.3% margin — thin

PEG RatioValuation
2.702/10

Expensive relative to growth rate

P/E RatioValuation
70.1x2/10

Premium valuation, high expectations priced in

Comparative Analysis Report

WallStSmart Research

Bull Case : CAT

The strongest argument for CAT centers on Market Cap, Return on Equity, Revenue Growth. Revenue growth of 18.0% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bull Case : GHM

The strongest argument for GHM centers on EPS Growth, Revenue Growth. Revenue growth of 20.5% demonstrates continued momentum.

Bear Case : CAT

The primary concerns for CAT are PEG Ratio, Price/Book, Piotroski F-Score. A P/E of 44.2x leaves little room for execution misses. Debt-to-equity of 2.03 is elevated, increasing financial risk.

Bear Case : GHM

The primary concerns for GHM are Market Cap, Profit Margin, PEG Ratio. A P/E of 70.1x leaves little room for execution misses.

Key Dynamics to Monitor

CAT carries more volatility with a beta of 1.52 — expect wider price swings.

GHM is growing revenue faster at 20.5% — sustainability is the question.

CAT generates stronger free cash flow (2.2B), providing more financial flexibility.

Monitor FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY industry trends, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes.

Bottom Line

CAT scores higher overall (55/100 vs 52/100) and 18.0% revenue growth. Both earn "Buy" and "Buy" ratings respectively — the choice depends on your investment horizon and risk tolerance.

This analysis is generated from publicly available financial data. Not financial advice.

Caterpillar Inc

INDUSTRIALS · FARM & HEAVY CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY · USA

Caterpillar Inc. (often shortened to CAT) is an American Fortune 100 corporation that designs, develops, engineers, manufactures, markets, and sells machinery, engines, financial products, and insurance to customers via a worldwide dealer network.

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Graham Corporation

INDUSTRIALS · SPECIALTY INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY · USA

Graham Corporation designs, manufactures and supplies vacuum and heat transfer equipment for the chemical, defense, petrochemical, oil refining, power generation / alternative energy and other industries. The company is headquartered in Batavia, New York.

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